France's major concern was that Germany not be rebuilt to its previous threatening power. In other words, Europe should have attracted net capital inflows, and that should have been reflected in negative trade balances as the continent imported manufactured goods that were needed for reconstruction. His main goal was to maintain power in order to keep what he termed the anti-Spain forces from gaining power. The plan contributed greatly to the rapid renewal of the western European chemical, engineering, and steel industries. [citation needed] France, which received billions of dollars through the Marshall Plan, similarly saw its average income per person return to almost pre-war level by 1949. Marshall Plan May Not Have Been Key to Europe's Reconstruction. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? "[112] European hot money inflated the US dollar, to the disadvantage of US exporters. Learn more about the Econ Lowdown Teacher Portal and watch a tutorial on how to use our online learning resources. It was also stimulate the US economy by creating markets for US goods. A Gallup Poll taken between the months of July and December 1947 shows the percentage of Americans unaware of the Marshall Plan fell from 51% to 36% nationwide. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It referred to the ongoing War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) in which Britain was a leading participant. The communism, like you mentioned is the equality in a whole society. [36], With a communist, although non-Soviet, insurgency threatening Greece, and Britain financially unable to continue its aid, the President announced his Truman Doctrine on March 12, 1947, "to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures", with an aid request for consideration and decision, concerning Greece and Turkey. [26], Especially damaged was transportation infrastructure, as railways, bridges, and docks had been specifically targeted by airstrikes, while much merchant shipping had been sunk. The only major Western European nation excluded was Francisco Franco's Spain, which was highly unpopular in Washington. [12] To combat the effects of the Marshall Plan, the USSR developed its own economic recovery program, known as the Molotov Plan. It became known as the Marshall Plan, named for Secretary of State George Marshall, who in 1947 proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe. Has Europe paid the price for the Marshall Plan? Commonly known as the Marshall Plan, it aimed to stabilize Europe economically and politically so that European nations would not be tempted by the appeal of communist parties. Indeed, in June 1940, after the Fall of France, the Spanish Ambassador to Berlin had presented a memorandum in which Franco declared he was "ready under certain conditions to enter the war on the side of Germany . "[40] In Washington, the Joint Chiefs declared that the "complete revival of German industry, particularly coal mining" was now of "primary importance" to American security. The cooperative allocation of funds was encouraged, and panels of government, business and labor leaders were convened to examine the economy and see where aid was needed. [71] However, opposition against the Marshall Plan was greatly reduced by the shock of the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. PDF The Long Road to Europe: Spain and the European Community - Inicio So Spain remained neutral in the rivalry of countries for the choice of communism.but fought for political solutions in Hispanic countries. [59], In late September, the Soviet Union called a meeting of nine European communist parties in southwest Poland. (Counterpart funds were invested by the recipients of the aid.) After the adjournment of the Moscow conference following six weeks of failed discussions with the Soviets regarding a potential German reconstruction, the United States concluded that a solution could not wait any longer. Every country in Europe was invited, with the exceptions of Spain (a World War II neutral that had sympathized with the Axis powers) and the small states of Andorra, San Marino, Monaco, and Liechtenstein. Marshall Plan ended in 1951, that's pretty lame plan to make countries dependent on you in just 3 years. Afghanistan, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, Greece, Honduras, Lebanon, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Syria, Turkey. This is why the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan where so important at this time. The members of Comecon looked to the Soviet Union for oil and in turn provided machinery, equipment, agricultural goods, industrial goods, and consumer goods to the Soviet Union. Her research focuses on international macroeconomics and on search and matching models of the labor and marriage market. In fact, Spain was barely affected by WW2, unlike Czechoslovakia that sufferred under Nazis." ", "The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program", "A Marshall Plan for Greece? At the same time, the nonparticipation of the states of the Eastern Bloc was one of the first clear signs that the continent was now divided.
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